What conditions must be met to descend below MDA/DA?

To descend below Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) or Decision Altitude (DA), it is essential to have visual references confirmed, ensure descent capability, and maintain visibility above minimums. These are crucial elements for safely continuing the approach and landing.

Confirming visual references means that the pilot must have clear sight of the necessary landmarks or runway environment that indicate they are in a safe position to land. Descent capability ensures that the aircraft is in a configuration suitable for landing, taking into account factors such as speed and altitude. Visibility above minimums ensures that the flight can be conducted safely by maintaining an adequate visual reference for navigation and obstacle avoidance. These conditions work together to ensure that the pilot can safely and effectively navigate to the runway, minimizing the risk of landing incidents.